21 x 31 1/4 in. partly printed document accomplished in manuscript, fully separated along central horizontal crease, with chipping, some separation, and discoloration to edges and other creases.
 
Muster roll for Captain James. W. Benedict's Company D, 124th New York Infantry. Lists 13 officers, one musician, and 59 enlisted men including one deserter and two missing company men. Signed by Benedict as Commanding officer and by Colonel T.W. Egan as Inspector and Mustering Officer. Dated "Sulpher (sic) Springs," 31 August 1863. "Retained Copy" inscribed in pencil to verso, lower margin. 

Known as the "Orange Blossoms" due to its recruiting county of Orange, NY, organized at Goshen and mustered into service for a term of three years in September of 1862.

At the end of August 1863, the 124th New York had just experienced a brutal summer of fighting, being engaged heavily at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, suffering 204 and 190 casualties respectively. Manuscript notes on the muster roll featured here indicate indicate 7 men from Company D wounded at Gettysburg, 2 wounded at Beverly Ford, 13 wounded at Chancellorsville, 3 wounded and missing in action at Chancellorsville, and one missing in action at Chancellorsville. Notably, Colonel Ellis and Major Cromwell were both killed at Gettysburg, ("late Col. A Van Horn Ellis" written to upper section"). Colonel Egan's inspection remarks include "Bad" for each category except for "Arms," next to which which he remarks, "Medium." 

The regiment went on to participate in the Overland Campaign, engaging at the Battle of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and Spotsylvania Court House. It also took part in the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign thereafter, having the distinction of being one of the regiments present at the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.