4 pages, 4to, 7 3/4 x 9 7/8 in., toned, occasional brown spotting. 

Writing to his nephew in Ireland, John Ray writes with observations about the differences in agriculture in Ireland versus the United States: "The Irish are generally disappointed who come here and few succeed well, and most all regret that they ever left home...Our  mode of farming is very different from that of Ireland. We cultivate Indian Corn, cotton, oats and wheat."

He continues with a description of his plantation and his treatment of the people he enslaves: "I have in cultivation about 1200 acres all worked by 40 slaves, who are well fed, well treated & well clothed, and excellent hands to work, well-disposed and friendly. If they behave badly or do bad work, or neglect their work, or steal, or fight among themselves, they are whipped on the low back with small switches...when humble, & they promise to do right they are then let down but my Negroes are well treated and but seldom whipped."

His nephew has clearly expressed interest in immigrating to the United States, Ray gives advice to learn the correct temperament: "If your temper was bad, or too hasty & quick, you would not suit for an overseer. You must be firm, calm, cool, brave, thoughtful, perfectly devoted and attentive to your hands & business." He later concludes: "I will give you employment as I did David but you must be controlled, advised and directed by me or my sons"